What are the risks of a prolonged pregnancy (beyond 42 weeks)?

A prolonged pregnancy, defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks, is associated with several potential complications. One of the most significant risks is an increased chance of stillbirth, which can occur as the placenta ages and may not function as effectively in providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Additionally, meconium aspiration syndrome becomes a concern because as the fetus remains in the womb longer, there’s a greater likelihood of the fetus passing meconium (the first stool) into the amniotic fluid. If the newborn inhales this meconium-stained fluid, it can lead to serious respiratory issues.

The other options fall short when considering the specific risks associated with prolonged pregnancy. The decrease in likelihood of natural labor and the risk of low birth weight do not directly pertain to prolonged gestation, as prolonged pregnancies often result in larger infants rather than smaller ones. Therefore, the risks highlighted in the correct answer—stillbirth and meconium aspiration syndrome—are critical concerns for pregnancies that go beyond the typical gestational period.