NCLEX Archer Maternity Practice Test

Folic acid plays a crucial role during pregnancy primarily as a preventive measure against neural tube defects. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, occur when the neural tube, which develops into the baby's brain and spinal cord, does not close properly during early pregnancy. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division, which are critical processes during the rapid cell growth and development of the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy.

Supplementing with folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of these defects, making it a vital component of prenatal care. Health organizations worldwide recommend that women who are trying to conceive or are pregnant take folic acid supplements to ensure adequate levels and promote healthy fetal development.